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                       19.4  Angular Velocity of Robot Links...................................................................................665
                       19.5  Partial Angular Velocities ...............................................................................................667
                       19.6  Transformation Matrix Derivatives...............................................................................668
                       19.7  Angular Acceleration of the Robot Links ....................................................................668
                       19.8  Joint and Mass Center Position .....................................................................................669
                       19.9  Mass Center Velocities.....................................................................................................671
                       19.10 Mass Center Partial Velocities........................................................................................673
                       19.11 Mass Center Accelerations..............................................................................................673
                       19.12 End Effector Kinematics..................................................................................................674
                       19.13 Kinetics: Applied (Active) Forces..................................................................................677
                       19.14 Kinetics: Passive (Inertia) Forces ...................................................................................680
                       19.15 Dynamics: Equations of Motion....................................................................................681
                       19.16 Redundant Robots............................................................................................................682
                       19.17 Constraint Equations and Constraint Forces...............................................................684
                       19.18 Governing Equation Reduction and Solution: Use of Orthogonal
                            Complement Arrays ........................................................................................................687
                       19.19 Discussion, Concluding Remarks, and Closure..........................................................689
                       References.....................................................................................................................................691
                       Problems .......................................................................................................................................691

                       Chapter 20 Application with Biosystems, Human Body Dynamics...............................701
                       20.1  Introduction.......................................................................................................................701
                       20.2  Human Body Modeling ..................................................................................................702
                       20.3  A Whole-Body Model: Preliminary Considerations ..................................................703
                       20.4  Kinematics: Coordinates .................................................................................................706
                       20.5  Kinematics: Velocities and Acceleration.......................................................................709
                       20.6  Kinetics: Active Forces ....................................................................................................715
                       20.7  Kinetics: Muscle and Joint Forces .................................................................................716
                       20.8  Kinetics: Inertia Forces ....................................................................................................719
                       20.9  Dynamics: Equations of Motion....................................................................................721
                       20.10 Constrained Motion.........................................................................................................722
                       20.11 Solutions of the Governing Equations .........................................................................724
                       20.12 Discussion: Application and Future Development ....................................................727
                       References.....................................................................................................................................730
                       Problems .......................................................................................................................................731

                       Appendix I   Centroid and Mass Center Location for Commonly Shaped Bodies
                                    with Uniform Mass Distribution ...................................................................735


                       Appendix II Inertia Properties (Moments and Products of Inertia)
                                    for Commonly Shaped Bodies with Uniform Mass Distribution ............743

                       Index .............................................................................................................................................753
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