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Communication: Spoken English | 207

For example:
Where has he gone to?
Where did you come from?
to and from are pronounced as /tuː/ and /frɔːm/ and not /tɔ/ and /
frɔm/
Contractions
Contractions are of two kinds

• Auxiliary + Negation
• Pronoun + Auxiliary
1. Examples of the first category are:
does + not – doesn׳t
has + not – has n׳t
can + not – can׳t

would + not – wouldn׳t
should + not – shouldn׳t
will + not – won׳t
do + not – don׳t
2. Examples of the second category are:
she + will – she׳ll
he + is – he׳s

they + will – they׳ll
they + are – they׳re
he + was – he׳s
It + is – It׳s
The use of such contractions also helps to maintain the rhythm of the
language to a large extent.

Intonation
Intonation is a feature of the spoken language. It consists of the continuous
changing of the pitch of a speaker’s voice to express meanings. People can
mean different things by using the same group of words, arranged in the
same order, but saying them in different ways. For many, the use of spo-
ken English will be closely tied up with particular professional interests. For
instance, the need to make oral reports in connection with work, to present

Bhatnagar_Chapter 09.indd 207 2011-06-23 7:52:58 PM
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