Page 9 - Effective group discussion theory and practice by Adams, Katherine H. Brilhart, John K. Galanes, Gloria J

viii Contents

Problem Solving and Decision Making 228 Authority 247
Group Versus Individual Problem Solving Audience 247
and Decision Making 229 Purpose 247
Factors Affecting Quality of Group Outputs 230 Recency 248
The Need for Structure in Group Problem Coverage 248
Solving 231 Understanding What Can Go Wrong During
The Functional Perspective of Group Problem Solving Decision Making 249
and Decision Making 232 Hidden Profiles 249
Starting Out Right: Addressing the Charge, Group Polarization 250
Type of Question, and Criteria 234 Groupthink 251
Understanding the Charge and Area Questions for Review 253
of Freedom 234 Key Terms 254
Understanding the Type of Questions to Be Bibliography 254
Addressed 235
Discussing Criteria for Evaluating Solutions 235 Notes 254
Understanding How the Group’s Decision
Will Be Made 237 10 Problem Solving and Decision
Decision Making by the Leader 237 Making in Groups: Practical Tips
Decision Making by the Leader in Consultation and Techniques 259
with Members 238 Central Message 259
Decision Making by Majority Vote 238
Decision Making by Consensus 238 Study Objectives 259
Understanding Phasic Progression During Using Problem- Solving Guidelines 260
Decision Making 238 The Procedural Model of Problem Solving
Fisher’s Model of Group Phases 239 (P- MOPS) 262
Orientation 239 The Single Question Format 262
Conflict 239 The Ideal Solution Format 262
Decision Emergence 239 Using P- MOPS to Address Complex
Reinforcement 240 Problems 263
Promoting Critical Thinking 242 Step 1 of P- MOPS: Problem Description
Evaluating Information 242 and Analysis 263
Distinguishing Between Facts Identify Problems to Work On 263
and Inferences 243 Focus on the Problem 264
Evaluating Survey and Statistical State the Problem Appropriately 264
Data 244 Map the Problem 264
Evaluating the Sources and Implications Step 2 of P- MOPS: Generating and Elaborating
of Opinions 244 on Possible Solutions 265
Evaluating Reasoning 245 Using Brainstorming to Discover
Overgeneralizing 245 Alternatives 266
Ad Hominem Attacks 245 Step 3 of P- MOPS: Evaluating Possible
Suggesting Inappropriate Causal Solutions 268
Relationships 245 Establish a Collaborative Climate for
False Dilemmas 246 Evaluation 268
Faulty Analogies 246 Establish Norms That Promote Critical
Evaluating Information and Reasoning from the Thinking 268
World Wide Web 247 Step 4 of P- MOPS: Consensus Decision Making 271
Accuracy 247 Suggestions for Achieving Consensus 271

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