Page 300 - Electrical Engineering Dictionary

frame processing image processing ap- of electricity. The results of these experi-
plied to frames or sequences of frames. ments were later given theoretical validation
byMichaelFaraday. Franklin’spoliticalcon-
frame rate in analog and digital video, the tributions to the United States were also ex-
rate per second at which each frame or im- traordinary. Amazingly, this additional re-
age is refreshed. The NTSC (National Tele- sponsibility did not deter Franklin from nu-
vision Systems Committee) rate for analog merous other experiments and inventions in
television is 30 frames per second. a variety of fields.

frame store a device that stores images Fraunhofer region See far field.
digitally, often in gray-scale or color format,
typically in one or three 8-bit bytes per pixel free distance the minimum Hamming dis-
respectively; a frame store often incorpo- tance between two convolutionally encoded
rates, or is used in conjunction with, a frame sequences that represent different valid paths
grabber. through the same code trellis. The free dis-
tance equals the maximum column distance
frame synchronization a method to ob- and the limiting value of the distance profile.
tain rough timing synchronization between
transmitted and received frames. The degree free electron laser laser in which the ac-
of synchronization obtained depends on the tive medium consists of electrons that are
level of frame synchronization (super-frame, subject to electric and magnetic fields but are
hyper-frame). The level of frame synchro- not associated with atoms or molecules.
nism also determines the actual method and
the place where the synchronism takes place. free input a quantity influencing the
controlled process from outside, generated
frame synchronizer (1) a time-base cor- within the process environment, and being
rector effective over one frame time. Video beyond direct or indirect influence of the con-
data may be discarded or repeated in one- troller; a free input is defined by a continuous
frame increments; in the absence of an input, trajectory over given time interval or by a se-
the last received frame is repeated, thus pro- quence of values at given time instants.
ducing a freeze-frame display.
(2) a device that stores video information free input forecasting process of predict-
(perhaps digitally) to reduce the undesirable ing — at a given time — future values of the
visual effect caused by switching nonsyn- free input; these future values can be pre-
chronous sources. dicted in different forms: single future free
input trajectory (scenario) over a specified
Franklin, Benjamin (1706–1790) Born: time interval (forecasting interval); bunch of
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. possible scenarios over specified time inter-
Franklin was best known as the great- val, (or intervals) — eventually with attached
est American statesman, scientist, and en- weights; stochastic model valid at the consid-
trepreneur of his day. He was the person ered forecasting time and other. Free input
who described electric charge, introduced forecasting can be essential for making most
the terms “positive” and “negative” as de- of the decisions concerning current values of
scriptive of charges, and described the fun- the manipulated inputs.
damental nature of lightening. Franklin re-
ceived no formal training in the sciences. free input model model, usually stated
His printing business gave him the finan- in form of a set of differential or difference
cial security necessary to carry out numer- equations, describing the behavior of the free
ous fundamental experiments on the nature inputs; for example, ARMA process is often

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