Page 288 - Electrical Safety of Low Voltage Systems

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Electrical Safety of Low-Voltage Systems Dr. Massimo A. G. Mitolo

Protective measures (PMs), 29, 30
safety vs., 42, 42f
Protective multiple earthing (PME). See TN-C-S grounding system

R
RCDs. See Residual current devices
RCLs. See Restrictive conducive locations
Redundant protection system, 31
Refractory period, 75, 76f
Reinforced insulation, 21
Relative refractory period, 75
Remote potential, 4
Residual current devices (RCDs), 15–18, 16, 16f, 17f, 18f, 19, 102–103, 103f, 106–108, 107f, 163–164, 231, 245, 246.
See also Ground-fault circuit interrupters
nuisance trippings and, 20
single-phase RCD, 17f
three-phase RCD, 18
Residual current operated circuit-breakers (RCCBs). See Residual current devices
Residual voltage, in static electricity, 219–221, 220f, 221f
Resting (membrane) potential, 72
Restrictive conducive locations (RCLs), electrical safety in, 252–253
Rheobase, 75
Ripple-free voltage, 171, 172f

S
SA. See Sinoatrial node
SB. See Equipotential bonding connections;
Supplementary bonding conductors
Schlegel, Friedrich von, 71
Separated extra-low voltage (SELV), 171
acceptable sources for, 172
direct contact protection, 174–175, 175f
indirect contact protection, 172–174, 172f, 173f, 174f
Single fault condition, 256
Sinoatrial node (SA), 78
Sinusoids
characterization of, 264
crest factor of, 266
definition of, 263–264
form factor of, 266
mean value of, 265
root mean square, 265
Sodium-potassium pump system, 73
Soil resistively measurement, 223–226, 224f, 225f, 226f
Spherical electrodes, 55–59, 56f, 58f, 59f
Static charge energy, 216–218, 217f, 217t
Static electricity, 214f
definition of, 213
generation of, 215–216, 215f
mitigation strategies, 218–219
residual voltages, 219–221, 220f, 221f
risks for, 213–214
safety against, 213–221
static charge energy, 216–218, 217f, 217t
time constant, 216