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Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology EN012B-596 July 27, 2001 18:18

774 Polymers, Synthesis

of the acyclic β-phosphonate-substituted nitroxide bear- Ferguson, J. (1984). “Step growth polymerization. Part 1. Polyesters,
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Heitz, W. (1995). “Metal-catalyzed polycondensation reactions,” Pure
control over the polymerization of acrylates. Several
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acyclic α-hydrogen-bearing alkoxyamines were found Hogen-Esch, T., and Smid, J. (eds.). (1987). “Recent Advances in An-
to be successful for the controlled polymerization of ionic Polymerization,” Elsevier, New York.
both styrene and acrylates. Two structures in particular Kendall, J. L., Canelas, D. A., Young, J. L., and DeSimone, J. M. (1999).
have been found to be very robust and successfully “Polymerizations in supercritical carbon dioxide,” Chem. Rev. 99(2),
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polymerized styrene: they are acrylate-, acrylamide-, and
Labadie, J. W., Hedrick, J. L., and Ueda, M. (1996). “A survey of some
acrylonitrile-based monomers with controlled molecular recent advances in step-growth polymerizations,” ACS Symp. Ser. 624,
weights from 1000 to 200,000 g/mole and polydispersities 294–305.
of 1.05 to 1.15. Hawker also reported the synthesis of Long, T. E., and Turner, S. R. (2000). “Step growth polymerization,”
narrow-polydispersity block and random copolymers In “Applied Polymer Science 21st century (2000)” (C. D. Craver and
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Nuyken, O., and Pask, S. (1989). “Telechelic polymers,” In “Encyclo-
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SEE ALSO THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES Odian, G. (1985). “Chain-reaction polymerization. In “Encyclopedia of
Polymer Science and Engineering” (J. J. Kroschwitz, ed.), Vol. 3,
pp. 247–288, Wiley, New York.
CATALYSIS,INDUSTRIAL • MACROMOLECULES,STRUC-
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TURE • ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,SYNTHESIS • POLYMERS, tions, Part II. Developments in polyurethanes,” Macromol. Chem. 3,
RECYCLING • POLYMERS,THERMALLY STABLE 93–97.
Tirrell, D. A. (1985). “Copolymerization,” In “Encyclopedia of Polymer
Science and Engineering” (J. J. Kroschwitz, ed.), Vol. 4, pp. 192–233,
Wiley, New York.
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