Page 3 - Engineering Electromagnetics, 8th Edition

Physical Constants
Quantity Value
Conductivity (σ)
Electron charge e = (1.602 177 33 ± 0.000 000 46) × 10 −19 C Material σ, S/m Material σ, S/m
Electron mass m = (9.109 389 7 ± 0.000 005 4) × 10 −31 kg 7 7
Permittivity of free space � 0 = 8.854 187 817 × 10 −12 F/m Silver 6.17 × 10 7 Nichrome 0.1 × 10 4
Permeability of free space µ 0 = 4π10 −7 H/m Copper 5.80 × 10 7 Graphite 7 × 10
8
Velocity of light c = 2.997 924 58 × 10 m/s Gold 4.10 × 10 Silicon 2300
Aluminum 3.82 × 10 7 Ferrite (typical) 100
Tungsten 1.82 × 10 7 Water (sea) 5
Dielectric Constant (� ) and Loss Tangent (� /� ) � Zinc 1.67 × 10 7 Limestone 10 −2
��
�
r
Material � r / � Brass 1.5 × 10 7 Clay 5 × 10 −3
��
Air 1.0005 Nickel 1.45 × 10 7 Water (fresh) 10 −3
Alcohol, ethyl 25 0.1 Iron 1.03 × 10 7 Water (distilled) 10 −4
Aluminum oxide 8.8 0.000 6 Phosphor bronze 1 × 10 7 Soil (sandy) 10 −5
Amber 2.7 0.002 Solder 0.7 × 10 7 Granite 10 −6
Bakelite 4.74 0.022 Carbon steel 0.6 × 10 7 Marble 10 −8
Barium titanate 1200 0.013 German silver 0.3 × 10 7 Bakelite 10 −9
Carbon dioxide 1.001 Manganin 0.227 × 10 7 Porcelain (dry process) 10 −10
Ferrite (NiZn) 12.4 0.000 25 7 −13
Germanium 16 Constantan 0.226 × 10 7 Diamond 2 × 10
−16
Glass 4–7 0.002 Germanium 0.22 × 10 7 Polystyrene 10 −17
Ice 4.2 0.05 Stainless steel 0.11 × 10 Quartz 10
Mica 5.4 0.000 6
Neoprene 6.6 0.011
Nylon 3.5 0.02
Paper 3 0.008
Plexiglas 3.45 0.03
Polyethylene 2.26 0.000 2
Polypropylene 2.25 0.000 3
Polystyrene 2.56 0.000 05
Porcelain (dry process) 6 0.014
Pyranol 4.4 0.000 5
Pyrex glass 4 0.000 6 Relative Permeability (µ r )
Quartz (fused) 3.8 0.000 75
Rubber 2.5–3 0.002 Material µ r Material µ r
Silica or SiO 2 (fused) 3.8 0.000 75 Bismuth 0.999 998 6 Powdered iron 100
Silicon 11.8 Paraffin 0.999 999 42 Machine steel 300
Snow 3.3 0.5 Wood 0.999 999 5 Ferrite (typical) 1000
Sodium chloride 5.9 0.000 1 Silver 0.999 999 81 Permalloy 45 2500
Soil (dry) 2.8 0.05 Aluminum 1.000 000 65 Transformer iron 3000
Steatite 5.8 0.003 Beryllium 1.000 000 79 Silicon iron 3500
Styrofoam 1.03 0.000 1 Nickel chloride 1.000 04 Iron (pure) 4000
Teflon 2.1 0.000 3 Manganese sulfate 1.000 1 Mumetal 20 000
Titanium dioxide 100 0.001 5 Nickel 50 Sendust 30 000
Water (distilled) 80 0.04 Cast iron 60 Supermalloy 100 000
Water (sea) 4 Cobalt 60
Water (dehydrated) 1 0
Wood (dry) 1.5–4 0.01

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