Page 98 - Engineering Plastics Handbook

72 Introduction

“smart” controls that change temperatures and pressures and their
gradients automatically. Band heaters “talk” to adjacent band heaters.
2. Increased use of automation and floor or overhead crane-guided
robots.
3. Process integration. Vertical integration is gradually being recognized
for improved quality and process economics. Injection molders are inte-
grating vertically with in-line compounding and molding. An injection
molder can compound, in-mold decorate (IMD), and in-mold assemble
(IMA). A processor can integrate horizontally by offering extrusion,
injection molding, thermoforming, and blow molding.
4. On-site dedicated injection molding plants located at automotive, appli-
ance, and furniture assembly plants contribute to finished-product
quality and lower finished-product costs.

References

1. Alison Jackson, “Rheology Technical Data,” University of Leeds, Polymer Science
and Technology, Leeds, UK.
2. Mahendra D. Baijal, ed., Plastics Polymer Science and Technology, Wiley-Interscience,
New York, N.Y., USA, 1982.
3. Carol M. F. Barry and Stephen A. Orroth, “Processing Thermoplastics,” in Modern
Plastics Handbook, Charles A. Harper, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., USA, 2000.
4. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Standard test methods and
specifications, West Conshohocken, Pa., USA.
5. GE Advanced Materials, GE Engineering Thermoplastics, “Design Guide,
Thermoplastic Material Properties—Injection Molding Design,” Pittsfield, Mass.,
USA, 2004.
6. Cornell Injection Molding Program (CIMP), Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., USA.
7. Software for design and processing, Plastics Engineering Department, University of
Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, Mass., USA.
8. Silvio O. Conte National Center for Polymer Research; Polymer Science and
Engineering Department CUMIRP (Center for University of Massachusetts/Industry
Research on Polymers); and Materials Research and Engineering Center, The
University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Mass., USA.
9. National Science Foundation, Science and Technology Center for High Performance
Polymers, Adhesives and Composites; and Polymer Materials and Interface
Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va., USA.
10. Patrick J. Whitcomb and Mark Anderson, “Response Surface Methods for Process
Optimization,” Desktop Engineering Magazine, November 2004.
11. Plastics News, January 3, 2005.
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Accessories,” EMI Plastics Equipment (machine and mold accessories), Jackson
Center, Ohio, USA.
13. Fluent Inc., Lebanon, N.H., USA.
14. John Beaumont, “New Runner—Design Concept Boosts Quality and Productivity,”
Beaumont Technologies Inc., Erie, Pa., USA.
15. Mikell Knights, “Close Up on Technology—What to Do When the Mold Just Won’t Fit
Right,” Plastics Technology Magazine, February 2004.
16. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Ryton PPS technical literature, The Woodlands,
Tex., USA.