Page 69 - English Vocabulary In Use upper intermediet and advance

Countries, nationalities and languages

Using 'the'
Most names of countries are used without 'the', but some countries and other names have
'the' before them, e.g. The USA, The United Kingdom / UK, The Commonwealth.
Some countries may be referred to with or without 'the' (the) Lebanon, (the) Gambia, (the)
Ukraine, (the) Sudan.

Adjectives referring to countries and languages
With-ish: British Irish Flemish Danish Turkish Spanish
With -(i)an: Canadian Brazilian American Russian Australian
With-ese: Japanese Chinese Guyanese Burmese Maltese Taiwanese
With-i: Israeli Iraqi Kuwaiti Pakistani Yemeni Bangladeshi
With -ic: Icelandic Arabic
Some, adjectives are worth learning separately e.g. Swiss, Thai, Greek, Dutch, Cypriot.

Nationalities
Some nationalities have nouns for referring to people, e.g. a Finn, a Swede, a Turk, a
Spaniard, a Dane, a Briton, an Arab. For most nationalities we can use the adjective as a
noun, e.g. a German, an Italian, a Belgian, a Catalan, a Greek, an African. Some need
woman/man/person added to them (you can't say 'a Dutch'), so if in doubt, use them, e.g. a
Dutch man, a French woman, an Irish person, an Icelandic man.

T
The Antarctic
Peoples and races
People belong to ethnic groups and regional groups such as Afro-Caribbeans, Asians and
Orientals and Latin Americans. What are you? (e.g. North African, Southern African,
European, Melanesian)
I
They speak dialects as well as languages. Everyone has almother tongue or first
language; many have second and third languages. Some pGpSe are perdect in more than
one language and are bilingual or multilingual.
name: Wanija Krishnamurthan secondhhird languages: English, Malay
nationality: Malaysian type or dialect of English: Malaysian
mother tongue: Tamil (S. India) ethnic group: Asian (Tamil Indian)

62 English Vocabulary in Use