Page 234 - Formation Damage during Improved Oil Recovery Fundamentals and Applications

208 Bin Yuan and Rouzbeh G. Moghanloo

h The surface-to-surface separation length, m
y The ratio between the drag and electrostatic force
r FP Radium of fine particles, m
r p Pore radius, m
l Characteristic wave length of interaction, l 5 100 nm
n Pore concentration, number/m 3
n N Bulk number density of ions, 6.022 3 10 25 number/m 3
Zeta potentials for fine particles, nanoparticles and grain surfaces, mV
ς FP ; ς NP ; ς GS
φ Porosity of sand pack
ρ Fluid density, kg/m 3
Water fluid density, kg/m 3
ρ w
Nanoparticles fluid density, kg/m 3
ρ NP
μ w Water viscosity, Pa.s
μ o Oil viscosity, Pa.s
Outer radius of radial flow system, 0.5 m
r e
Permeability of core plug, mD
k 0
The Boltzmann’s constant, 1.381 3 10 221 J/K
k B
k rw Relative permeability of water phase
k ro Relative permeability of oil phase
Δp Pressure drop, MPa
p Flowing pressure at different location of flowing system, MPa
U Fluid flowing velocity, m/s
2
q Injection rate per formation height, m /s
n N Bulk number density of ions, 6.022 3 10 25 number/m 3
f w Fractional flow function
S w Water saturation, decimal
S or Residual oil saturation, decimal
t cr The breakthrough time of injected fines
ϕ Stream function defined in this chapter
t D Dimensionless time or injected pore volume
Dimensionless distance
x D
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