Page 10 - T. Anderson-Fracture Mechanics - Fundamentals and Applns.-CRC (2005)

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The first chapter introduces the subject of fracture mechanics and provides an overview; this
chapter includes a review of dimensional analysis, which proves to be a useful tool in later chapters.
Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 describe the fundamental concepts of linear elastic and elastic-plastic
fracture mechanics, respectively. One of the most important and most often misunderstood concepts
in fracture mechanics is the single-parameter assumption, which enables the prediction of structural
behavior from small-scale laboratory tests. When a single parameter uniquely describes the crack
tip conditions, fracture toughness—a critical value of this parameter—is independent of specimen
size. When the single-parameter assumption breaks down, fracture toughness becomes size depen-
dent, and a small-scale fracture toughness test may not be indicative of structural behavior. Chapter 2
and Chapter 3 describe the basis of the single-parameter assumption in detail, and outline the
requirements for its validity. Chapter 3 includes the results of recent research that extends fracture
mechanics beyond the limits of single-parameter theory. The main bodies of Chapter 2 and Chapter 3
are written in such a way as to be accessible to the beginning student. Appendix 2 and Appendix 3,
which follow Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, respectively, give mathematical derivations of several
important relationships in linear elastic and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Most of the material
in these appendices requires a graduate-level background in solid mechanics.
Chapter 4 introduces dynamic and time-dependent fracture mechanics. The section on dynamic
fracture includes a brief discussion of rapid loading of a stationary crack, as well as rapid crack
propagation and arrest. The C*, C(t), and C parameters for characterizing creep crack growth are
t
introduced, together with analogous quantities that characterize fracture in viscoelastic materials.
Chapter 5 outlines micromechanisms of fracture in metals and alloys, while Chapter 6 describes
fracture mechanisms in polymers, ceramics, composites, and concrete. These chapters emphasize
the importance of microstructure and material properties on the fracture behavior.
The application portion of this book begins with Chapter 7, which gives practical advice on
fracture toughness testing in metals. Chapter 8 describes fracture testing of nonmetallic materials.
Chapter 9 outlines the available methods for applying fracture mechanics to structures, including
both linear elastic and elastic-plastic approaches. Chapter 10 describes the fracture mechanics
approach to fatigue crack propagation, and discusses some of the critical issues in this area,
including crack closure and the behavior of short cracks. Chapter 11 is a completely new chapter
on environmental cracking. Chapter 12 outlines some of the most recent developments in compu-
tational fracture mechanics. Procedures for determining stress intensity and the J integral in
structures are described, with particular emphasis on the domain integral approach. Chapter 13
contains a series of practice problems that correspond to material in Chapter 1 to Chapter 12.
If this book is used as a college text, it is unlikely that all of the material can be covered in a
single semester. Thus the instructor should select the portions of the book that suit the needs and
background of the students. The first three chapters, excluding appendices, should form the foundation
of any course. In addition, I strongly recommend the inclusion of at least one of the material chapters
(5 or 6), regardless of whether or not materials science is the students’ major field of study. A course
that is oriented toward applications could include Chapter 7 to Chapter 11, in addition to the
earlier chapters. A graduate level course in a solid mechanics curriculum might include Appendix 2
and Appendix 3, Chapter 4, Appendix 4, and Chapter 12.
I am pleased to acknowledge all those individuals who helped make all three editions of this
book possible. A number of colleagues and friends reviewed portions of the draft manuscript,
provided photographs and homework problems, or both for the first and second editions, including
W.L. Bradley, M. Cayard, R. Chona, M.G. Dawes, R.H. Dodds Jr., A.G. Evans, S.J. Garwood,
J.P. Gudas, E.G. Guynn, A.L. Highsmith, R.E. Jones Jr., Y.W. Kwon, J.D. Landes, E.J. Lavernia,
A. Letton, R.C. McClung, D.L. McDowell, J.G. Merkle, M.T. Miglin, D.M. Parks, P.T. Purtscher,
R.A. Schapery, and C.F. Shih. Mr. Sun Yongqi produced a number of SEM fractographs especially
for this book. I am grateful to the following individuals for providing useful comments and literature
references to aid in my preparation of the third edition: R.A. Ainsworth, D.M. Boyanjian, S.C.
Daniewicz, R.H. Dodds Jr., R.P. Gangloff, R. Latanision, J.C. Newman, A.K. Vasudevan, K. Wallin,