Page 163 - From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy

140 From smart grid to internet of energy

l ITU-T G.9903 “Narrowband OFDM Power Line Communication
Transceivers for G3-PLC Networks” [82]: This recommendation covers
PHY and DLL specifications for G3-PLC systems operating over AC and
DC electric power lines under 500 kHz frequencies. It is developed based
on the G.9955 and G.9956 materials (especially using Annexes A and D
of G.9955 and Annex A of G.9956). Similar to the ITU-T G.9902, ITU-T
G.9903 regularly references to recommendation G.9901.
l ITU-T G.9904 “Narrowband OFDM Power Line Communication
Transceivers for PRIME Networks” [83]: This recommendation covers
PHY and DLL specifications for PRIME NB-PLC systems operating over
AC and DC electric power lines in the CENELEC-A band. It is developed
based on the G.9955, G.9956 and G.9956 Amd1 materials (especially using
Annex B of G.9955, Annex B of G.9956 and G.9956 Amd1). Similar to the
ITU-T G.9902 and ITU-T G.9903, ITU-T G.9904 regularly references to
recommendation G.9901.
l IEEE 1901.2 “IEEE Standard for Low-Frequency (less than 500 kHz)
Narrowband Power Line Communications for Smart Grid Applica-
tions” [84]: This standard that is developed by the IEEE 1901.2 Working
Group includes PHY layer, MAC layer, coexistence and EMC requirements
for NB-PLC systems operating over AC, DC or non-energized electric
power lines under 500 kHz frequencies.
Even though PHY layer structure of these standards is similar, the upper layers
have important differences when compared to each other. The following sub-
sections introduce details of these standards.

4.4.1 ITU-T G.9902 G.hnem standard
This standard is developed for SG applications, plug-in electrical vehicles
(PEV), smart metering and energy management applications. In addition to sup-
porting the Internet Protocol v6 (IPv6) protocol, ITU-T G.9902 G.hnem stan-
dard [81] provides several specifications for PHY layer and DLL layer. In
addition, this standard can operate with other network protocols by employing
suitable sublayers. It has been specifically defined for the NB-PLC systems
exploiting OFDM, and it is able to support both indoor and outdoor communi-
cations such as indoor and outdoor communications over LV lines, indoor and
outdoor communications over MV lines, and among MV and LV power lines
over transformers in urban and rural areas, and vice versa. The reference model
of this standard [81] is illustrated in Fig. 4.5 (ITU 5.12/5.13). This reference
model is composed of three reference points that are application interface
(A), physical medium-independent interface (PMI) and medium dependent
interface (MDI). The layers upper the A reference point are outside the scope
of ITU-T G.9902.