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Emerging wireless communication for smart grid applications Chapter 5 187

of 5 MHz bandwidth. Whereas the European 868 MHz frequency band presents
maximum 20 Kbps data rates, the United States and Australian 915 MHz fre-
quency band offer maximum 20 Kbps data rates. The other frequency band
can present up to 250 Kbps data rates. Furthermore, this technology provides
authentication, encryption and data routing capabilities. On the other hand,
manufacturer-specific profiles and public profiles are supported by the ZigBee
technology. Automation of home and buildings, telecommunication services,
advanced metering applications, SEP 1.0 and SEP 2.0 can be considered as
public profile examples.
A ZigBee network may be configured by using three different devices
according to their roles that are called as end-device, router and coordinator.
As a coordinator controls entire transactions of the network, a router transmits
data among the nodes available in the network, and an end-device executes the
commands of coordinator. It is worth noting that a router may serve more than
one node in the network. Later the first version of ZigBee, development of Zig-
Bee Pro was completed in 2007, and it became a widespread technology all over
the world. This new version is able to provide easy network configuration, more
flexible network architecture and lower energy consumption characteristics.
Hence, the ZigBee Pro technology has been broadly utilized in numerous
applications, especially in the control and monitoring applications.

5.3.5 WirelessHART
WirelessHART that is a developed version of the Highway Addressable Remote
Transducer (HART) protocol is the IEEE 802.15.4 standard based wireless
communication technology. In 2007, the HART Communication Foundation
(HCF) introduced this technology as an open standard. In April 2010, Interna-
tional Electrotechnical Commission approved the technology with IEC 62591
as an international and industrial wireless communication standard. The Wire-
lessHART technology exploits the channel-hopping technique in order to pre-
vent interference, and uses transmission power adaptation. In addition, this
technology promotes mesh network topology with time synchronization,
self-organization and self-healing features. The main aim of this technology
is to provide wireless communication opportunity with high reliability and
security for industrial applications.
Field devices, mobile devices, network manager, access points and gateway
are the main components of a WirelessHART system. The field devices are used
at the industrial facilities to accomplish routing and data acquisition processes
possible. Then, obtained data are transmitted to the gateways through access
points. A network manager is utilized to organize and manage wireless commu-
nications among devices existing in the network. The WirelessHART technol-
ogy is also able to support several network topologies such as star, mesh and
combination of star and mesh topology. It is also important to note that this