Page 457 - Fundamentals of Air Pollution 3E

II. Titles 405

A review of the enforcement and liability provisions of CAAA90 (5)
recommends that because of the new enforcement tools available to the
federal government, the regulated community should implement effective
self-auditing and compliance programs at facilities to reduce the risk of
criminal liability. Stenvaag (3) covers the provisions relating to enforcement
from a legal standpoint. He states the new language of this title to be
"quite confusing, particularly in specifying when criminal sanctions are
appropriate,"

Title VIII: Miscellaneous Provisions
Section 130, Emission Factors requires revising emission inventory factors
every 3 years:

Within 6 months after enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, and
at least every 3 years thereafter, the Administrator shall review and, if necessary,
revise, the methods ('emission factors') used for purposes of this Act to estimate
the quantity of emissions of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and
oxides of nitrogen from sources of such air pollutants (including area sources and
mobile sources). In addition, the Administrator shall permit any person to demon-
strate improved emissions estimating techniques, and following approval of such
techniques, the Administrator shall authorize the use of such techniques. Any such
technique may be approved only after appropriate public participation. Until the
Administrator has completed the revision required by this section, nothing in this
section shall be construed to affect the validity of emission factors established by
the Administrator before the date of the enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1990.

Title IX: Clean Air Research
Title IX of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 addresses air pollution
research areas including monitoring and modeling, health effects, ecological
effects, accidental releases, pollution prevention and emissions control, acid
rain, and alternative motor vehicle fuels. The provisions require ecosystem
studies on the effects of air pollutants on water quality, forests, biological
diversity, and other terrestrial and aquatic systems exposed to air pollutants;
mandate the development of technologies and strategies for air pollution
prevention from stationary and area sources; and call for several major
studies. The EPA must improve methods and techniques for measuring
individual air pollutants and complex mixtures and conduct research on
long- and short-term health effects, including the requirement for a new
interagency task force to coordinate these research programs. Finally, the
Agency must develop improved monitoring and modeling methods to
increase the understanding of tropospheric ozone formation and control.
To implement the research provisions, the EPA plans to conduct research
in emissions inventories, atmospheric modeling, source/ambient monitor-
ing, control technologies, health, and ecological monitoring. Both ecological