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392 GAS SHALE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

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Industry is well aware that failure to manage some of the States. Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA
attendant impacts surrounding the development of this September 16, 2013b;110:17768–17773.
resource such as water use and contamination concerns, the American Petroleum Institute. Community engagement guidelines.
public disclosure of the composition of fracking fluids, and ANSA/API Bulletin 100‐3. July 2014. http://www.api.org/~/
fugitive emissions will seriously hamper efforts to fully media/Files/Policy/Exploration/100‐3_e1.pdf.
develop this resource. Aquatech Formally Opens Central Water Treatment Facility in
The scientific analysis investigating potential environ- Tioga County, Pennsylvania for Shale Gas Producers. April 2013.
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way of air emission monitoring, baseline water quality testing, Brandt A, Heath G, et al. Methane leaks from North American natural
and assaying of wastewater produced. If the environmental and gas systems. Science February 2014;343(6172):733–735.
social impacts of shale gas development are not addressed Brasier K, Filteau M, McLaughlin Jacquet J, Stedman R, Kelsey T,
properly, there is the real possibility that public opposition will Goetz S. Residents’ perceptions of community and environ-
slow and perhaps stop new shale gas development. mental impacts from development of natural gas in the Marcellus
Recognizing this reality, producers agreed on March 20, Shale: a comparison of Pennsylvania and New York cases.
2013, to a set of 15 standards focused on some of the most J Rural Social Sci 2011;26 (1):32–61.
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standards include limits on emissions of methane and the flar- Standards. Geographic scope and applicability of CSSD
ing, or burning off, of unwanted gas; reductions in engine performance standards March 2013. Available at http://037186e.
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Over time, the technology, best practices, and regulatory hydraulic fracturing, on Federal and Indian lands. May 11, 2012.
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