Page 418 - Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs
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398 INDEx
fracture imaging methods, 232 level of maturity (LOM), 130 organoclasts, 52
fracture treatment monitoring, 371 long time aperture (LTA), 227 organoporosity, 55, 56
microseismic, 216, 370–371 long‐period long‐duration (LPLD) osmotic effect, 346
fracturing fluids, 354, 371 seismic, 208
low pressure adsorption measurement, 92 paleogeography, 28, 38
gamma ray log, 72, 125 low pressure nitrogen adsorption, 92 partial saturation, 195
NGT, 125 Passey methodology, 130
SGR, 125 macrofracture flow, 294 passive seismic methods, 207
gas content, 57 Marcellus Shale, 78 pay zone, 14
gas desorption, 252 material balance equation, 263 Peng–Robinson EoS (PR‐EoS), 275
gas in place, 119, 304–7 matrix flow, 294 permeability, 95, 107–8, 123, 247, 257,
initial gas in place, 245 matrix gas desorption, 294 262, 272
OGIP, 304–7 mechanical stratigraphy, 211 photic zone, 24, 29, 37
gas shale, 1, 89, 117, 301 mercury injection capillary pressure photoelectric factor log, 127
gas slippage factor, 95 (MICP), 89 physiography, 28–30, 33
Gassmann substitution, 195 mercury porosimetry, 121 plug‐and‐perf, 373–4
geological properties methane emissions, 386 polar anisotropy, 191
depositional environment, 1, 2, 13, 34–9, 53 microearthquake (MEQ), 208 pore diameter, 89, 103–4
depositional setting, 30 microfossils, 73 pore geometry, 89, 267
organic geochemistry, 2 microgeometry, 268 pore network model, 251
thermal maturity, 54–5, 62, 118, 126–7 microstructure, 193 pore pressure, 139, 146
geomechanical properties, 120 mineralogy, 3, 120, 127, 130, 364 abnormal pressure, 139
geometric fracs, 370 mini‐frac equations, 296 overpressure, 139
geophone, 222 modular formation dynamic tester (MDT), 146 pore size classification, 90
buried geophone, 222 Mohr–Coulomb macropores, 90
surface geophone, 222 (strength) criterion, 181–3 mesopores, 90
grain size, 30, 121 envelope, 177 micropores, 90
grand canonical statistical ensemble molecular dynamics (MD), 325 pore size distribution, 89, 118, 272
(GCMC), 325, 327 molecular simulation (MS), 325 pore‐proximity effect, 275
gravimetric method, 124 moment tensor, 213 porosity
grid design, 226 monitoring well, 216 density porosity, 145, 159, 160, 164, 343
groundwater contamination, 384 Monte Carlo probabilistic approach, 302 effective porosity, 121, 143
Montney Formation, 80 MICP porosity, 103, 113
Haynesville/Bossier shales, 80 mud, 21–3, 34–7, 73 neutron porosity, 145, 159, 160, 164, 343
the Hill Shirley Kline equation, 273 biogenous mud, 21 NMR porosity, 104, 128
hydraulic fracturing, 3, 211, 370, 385, 390–394 terrigenous mud, 21–2, 31 pressure gradient, 139
hydrogen content, 50 mud log, 144, 151, 154 principal stresses, 171
hydrogen indices, 49 mud weight window (MWW), 178, 181 pseudo‐pressure function, 258
hydrostatic pressure, 144 mudstone, 47, 64, 83 pulsed neutron mineralogy log, 127
multiregression analysis, 108 pulsed neutron mineralogy tool, 130
illite/smectite (I/S), 90, 108 pyrolysis, 50–52, 55–6
initial water saturation, 356 nanoindentation testing (NIT), 173
interfacial tension (IFT), 277 nanoporous media, 276 quad‐porosity shale, 278
nanoscience, 245
joints, 211 nanoscratch test, 174 radial distribution function (RDF), 337
narrow azimuth (NA), 202 rarefaction coefficient, 277
kerogen natural fracture reactivation, 212 rate of penetration (ROP), 144
cracking, 49 neutron log, 126 recover factor curve, 279
density, 130 neutron‐density cross‐plot, 145 refractory kerogen, 49
type I, 2, 124 New Albany Shale, 78 repeated formation tests (RFTs), 146
type II, 2, 49, 118, 124 normal compaction trends (NCTs), 144 reservoir characterization, 363
type III, 2, 118, 124 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 89, resins, 49, 57
type IV, 52 123, 268 resistivity log, 125
kicks, 144 nuclear magnetic resonance log, 128 retort distillation method, 122
Klinkenberg effects, 270 reverse time imaging, 218
Klinkenberg equation, 272 oil window, 49, 53 rocks radioactivity, 125–6
Klinkenberg permeability, 95 organic matter, 21 potassium, 125
Knudsen diffusion, 250 organic richness, 49 thorium, 126
Knudsen number, 249 organic‐rich shales (ORSs), 191 uranium, 125
