Page 332 - Fundamentals of Geomorphology

AEOLIAN LANDSCAPES 315

physically based wind-erosion scheme, a high-resolution FURTHER READING
atmospheric model, a dust-transport model, and a GIS
database (Lu and Shao 2001). The system predicts the Cooke, R. U., Warren, A., and Goudie, A. S. (1993)
pattern and intensity of wind erosion, and especially dust Desert Geomorphology. London: UCL Press.
emissionsfromthesoilsurfaceanddustconcentrationsin Comprehensive and clear account of form and process
the atmosphere. It can also be used to predict individual in arid and semi-arid environments.
dust-storm events.
Goudie, A. S., Livingstone, I., and Stokes, S. (eds)
(1999) Aeolian Environments, Sediments and Landforms.
Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
SUMMARY
Perhaps a little heavy for the neophyte, but full of
excellent papers.
Several landforms are products of wind erosion. Exam-
ples are lag deposits and stone pavements, deflation Lancaster, N. (1995) Geomorphology of Desert Dunes.
hollows and pans, yardangs and Zeugen, and ventifacts. London: Routledge.
Sand accumulations range in size from ripples, through If you are interested in sand dunes, then look no further.
dunes, to dunefields and sand seas. Dunes may be Livingstone, I. and Warren, A. (1996) Aeolian Geomor-
grouped into free and anchored types. Free dunes include phology: An Introduction. Harlow, Essex: Longman.
transverse dunes, seifs, star dunes, and zibars. Anchored The best introduction to the subject. A must for the
dunes form with the help of topography or vegetation. serious student.
They include echo dunes, falling dunes, parabolic dunes,
and coastal dunes. Dunefields and sand seas are collec- Thomas, D. S. G. (ed.) (1997) Arid Zone Geomorphol-
tions of individual dunes. The largest sand sea – the ogy: Process, Form and Change in Drylands, 2nd edn.
2
Rub’ al Khali of Saudi Arabia – occupies 770,000 km . Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Loess is an accumulation of windblown silt particles and An excellent collection of essays that is full of interesting
covers about 5–10 per cent of the land surface. Wind ideas and examples.
erosion can often be a self-inflicted hazard to humans,
damaging agricultural and recreational land and harm-
ing human health. Several models predict wind erosion
at field and regional scales, the latest examples combining
physical processes with GIS databases and atmospheric
models.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

1 How does wind shape landforms?
2 How do sand dunes form?
3 Discuss the problems and remedies of
soil erosion by wind.