Page 266 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

First Wall Components Chapter | 7 245

FIGURE 7.15 Mockups of Be-targets of an electro-nuclear neutron generator.

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within 10 MW/m . When operated in a free-flow manner, liquid metals (films,
jets and drops) may reach up to ∼10 m/s and withstand heat loads of up to
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∼30 MW/m .
In the midterm, some of the present-day ideas, concepts and approaches
may prove unviable and give way to new, currently unbeknown to us, solutions.

7.5 ALTERNATIVE USES OF FIRST-WALL TECHNOLOGIES
As one can see from Tables 7.8 and 7.9, the MFR’s first wall has a number of
features that place it into more or less one class with energy-intensive systems
belonging to other branches of engineering. For this reason, processes devel-
oped for the first wall may be suitable for other applications.
One example is the target of an electro-nuclear neutron generator. In this
device, a water-cooled beryllium target is bombarded with accelerated protons,
giving rise to fast neutrons. The operating conditions of the target are similar
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to those of the first wall and include a cyclic heat load of up to 5 MW/m , high
vacuum and radiation-induced damages. The specimens shown in Fig. 7.15
have successfully passed endurance tests.
Going forward, the first-wall technologies may be utilised in other machines
and systems operating under severe heat conditions.

REFERENCES
[1] ITER Technical Basis, ITER IAEA EDA Documentation Series, No 24, IAEA, Vienna, 2002.
[2] ITER Physics Basis, Nuclear Fusion, 39 (12) (1999) 2137.
[3] Kuroda, T., et al. ITER Plasma Facing Components, ITER Documentation Series, No 30,
IAEA, Vienna, 1991.
[4] K. Ioki, V. Barabash, J. Cordier, M. Enoeda, G. Federici, B.C. Kim, et al. ITER vacuum vessel,
in-vessel components and plasma facing components, Fusion Eng. Des. 83 (2008) 787–794.
[5] J.N. Brooks, Erosion/redeposition analysis of the ITER divertor, Fusion Sci. Technol. 18 (2)
(1990) 239–250.
[6] A. Volodin, V. Kuznetcov, V. Davydov, A. Kokoulin, A. Komarov, I. Mazul, et al. The high-
heat-flux test facilities in the joint stock company ‘D.V. Efremov Institute of Electrophysical
Apparatus’, Fusion Eng. Des. 98 (9) (2015) 1411–1414.