Page 432 - Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

410 Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design

to design safety specifications and be able to operate at all possible mechanical,
thermal, chemical and other impacts, occurring naturally or human-induced.
The SIC quality requirements are determined based on the reliability re-
quirements. SIC materials are selected with consideration given to the changes
in their mechanical, physical, thermophysical and chemical characteristics un-
der operating conditions.
Operational limits and safe operation conditions are defined for all states
of the reactor. Where these conditions are unmet, AWDB occurs, and therefore
measures are developed to prevent failures. Systematic assessment of the reac-
tor conditions, SIC testing for compliance with design parameters, preventive
maintenance and repair are performed throughout the lifetime of the facility.
The project documentation defines the following:

l The basic SIC life cycle, replacement criteria, and the scope and frequency
of its maintenance and inspection;
l List of events that may trigger AWDBs and potential ABDBs;
l Normal operation reliability metrics for reactor safety systems and SIC; and
l Sources of liquid, solid and gaseous radioactive and harmful substances at
normal operating conditions and AWDBs; their quantities, properties and
maximum emission probability.
All the reactor construction and operation activities must comply with qual-
ity assurance programmes and regulatory and project documents. These include
the commissioning and decommissioning, radiation safety assurance, equip-
ment deactivation and dismantling procedures and programmes, as well as
population and personnel emergency protection plans. The general quality as-
surance programme for all phases of the facility’s life cycle is developed by the
operating organisation. Particular quality assurance programmes are developed
for every operational state of the reactor.
Personnel carrying out commissioning operations must be suitably trained
and qualified. Training programmes include periodic exams and lectures, exer-
cises, and in vivo skill drills preparing personnel on how to act in normal and
abnormal operating conditions and in emergencies.
Reactor Site Requirements. Appropriate selection of site to accommodate
the reactor and the controlled area is one of the essential objectives stemming
from the defence in depth protection principle. At the site selection stage, it is
important to consider the environmental and site characteristics from the safety
study perspective, paying attention to the following:
l Infrastructure necessary for the reactor’s safe operation (electrical power
and water supplies, roads, communication lines, etc.).
l External natural and human-induced hazards (earthquakes, hurricanes, pre-
cipitation, aircraft crashes, blast waves, etc.) [10].
l Specific environmental and site characteristics (meteorological, geological,
hydrological, etc.) that may determine the accumulation and transport of