Page 9 - Geology of Carbonate Reservoirs

vi CONTENTS

2.4 Dependent or Derived Rock Properties / 30
2.4.1 Porosity / 31
2.4.1.1 Porosity Classifi cations / 34
2.4.1.2 The Archie Classifi cation / 35
2.4.1.3 The Choquette–Pray Classifi cation / 36
2.4.1.4 The Lucia Classifi cation / 39
2.4.2 A New Genetic Classification for Carbonate

Porosity / 42
2.4.3 Permeability / 44
2.5 Tertiary Rock Properties / 47
2.5.1 Borehole Logs and Carbonate Reservoirs / 47
2.5.2 Tertiary Rock Properties and the Seismograph / 53
Suggestions for Further Reading / 54
Review Questions / 54

3 PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS 56

3.1 Saturation, Wettability, and Capillarity / 56
3.1.1 Saturation / 56
3.1.2 Wettability / 62
3.1.3 Capillarity / 63
3.2 Capillary Pressure and Reservoir Performance / 64
3.2.1 Capillary Pressure, Pores, and Pore Throats / 66
3.2.2 Converting Air–Mercury Capillary Pressures to
Oil–Water Equivalents / 69
3.2.3 Height of Oil Column Above Free-Water Level / 70
3.2.4 Evaluating Seal Capacity / 70
3.3 Fluid Withdrawal Efficiency / 71

Suggestions for Further Reading / 74
Review Questions / 74

4 STRATIGRAPHIC PRINCIPLES 76
4.1 Carbonate Depositional Platforms / 77
4.1.1 Rimmed and Open Shelves / 80
4.1.2 Homoclinal and Distally Steepened Ramps / 82
4.2 Rock, Time, and Time–Rock Units / 83
4.2.1 Rock Units / 83
4.2.2 Time Units / 84
4.2.3 Time–Rock Units / 86
4.3 Correlation / 86