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Compaction
                                                                                            Compaction   303

                                                                                          Figure 13.18
                                                                                          Nuclear density
                                                                                          gauge. For
                                                                                          transmission
                                                                                          measurements the
                                                                                          probe is lowered
                                                                                          the desired
                                                                                          distance into a
                                                                                          hole previously
                                                                                          prepared in the
                                                                                          soil. (Photo
                                                                                          courtesy Dr. David
                                                                                          White.)












                                                                                          Figure 13.19
                                                                                          Principle of nuclear
                                                                                          density-moisture
                                                                                          content testing
                                                                                          device for
                                                                                          monitoring field
                                                                                          compaction
                                                                                          operations.


















                  13.11.4   Nuclear Determinations of Moisture Content

                  Moisture contents are determined using a fast neutron source that is incorporated
                  in the same instrument, shown diagrammatically in Fig. 13.19. As neutrons

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