Page 8 - Global Tectonics

CONTENTS vii

7.7 Rifted continental margins 193 9.5 Thermal structure of the
7.7.1 Volcanic margins 193 downgoing slab 259
7.7.2 Nonvolcanic margins 196 9.6 Variations in subduction zone
7.7.3 The evolution of rifted characteristics 262
margins 198
9.7 Accretionary prisms 264
7.8 Case studies: the transition from
9.8 Volcanic and plutonic activity 271
rift to rifted margin 202 9.9 Metamorphism at convergent
7.8.1 The East African Rift
margins 275
system 202
7.8.2 The Woodlark Rift 204 9.10 Backarc basins 279
7.9 The Wilson cycle 208
10 Orogenic belts 286
8 Continental transforms
10.1 Introduction 287
and strike-slip faults 210 10.2 Ocean–continent convergence 287
10.2.1 Introduction 287
8.1 Introduction 211 10.2.2 Seismicity, plate motions, and
8.2 Fault styles and physiography 211 subduction geometry 289
8.3 The deep structure of 10.2.3 General geology of
continental transforms 224 the central and southern
8.3.1 The Dead Sea Andes 291
Transform 224 10.2.4 Deep structure of the
8.3.2 The San Andreas Fault 224 central Andes 294
8.3.3 The Alpine Fault 228 10.2.5 Mechanisms of noncollisional
8.4 Transform continental margins 230 orogenesis 297
8.5 Continuous versus discontinuous 10.3 Compressional sedimentary
deformation 232 basins 302
8.5.1 Introduction 232 10.3.1 Introduction 302
8.5.2 Relative plate motions and 10.3.2 Foreland basins 302
surface velocity fi elds 233 10.3.3 Basin inversion 303
8.5.3 Model sensitivities 236 10.3.4 Modes of shortening in foreland
8.6 Strain localization and fold-thrust belts 304
10.4 Continent–continent collision 306
delocalization mechanisms 239
10.4.1 Introduction 306
8.6.1 Introduction 239
8.6.2 Lithospheric heterogeneity 239 10.4.2 Relative plate motions and
collisional history 306
8.6.3 Strain-softening
feedbacks 242 10.4.3 Surface velocity fi elds
and seismicity 309
8.7 Measuring the strength of
10.4.4 General geology of the
transforms 246
Himalaya and Tibetan
Plateau 312
10.4.5 Deep structure 316
10.4.6 Mechanisms of continental
9 Subduction zones 249 collision 318
10.5 Arc–continent collision 330
9.1 Ocean trenches 250
10.6 Terrane accretion and
9.2 General morphology of island
continental growth 332
arc systems 251
10.6.1 Terrane analysis 332
9.3 Gravity anomalies of subduction
10.6.2 Structure of accretionary
zones 252 orogens 336
9.4 Structure of subduction zones 10.6.3 Mechanisms of terrane
from earthquakes 252 accretion 342