Page 98 - Global Tectonics

SEA FLOOR SPREADING AND TRANSFORM FAULTS 85

Pleistocene 1 0
2 Santonian 85
Pliocene 3 5 Coniacian
Quaternary 4 10 Cenomanian 90
Turonian
5

Miocene 15 95
34 100
6 20
Albian 105
7 25
8
9 110
Oligocene 11 30
12 115
13 Aptian
16 35 M0
17 Barremian M1 120
Tertiary 19 40 Early Cretaceous M3 125
18
Eocene 20 45 Hauterivian M6
M8
21 M10 130
22 50 M11
23 Valanginian 135
24 M12
55 M13
25 M15 140
26 Berriasian
Paleocene 60 M16
27 M17 145
M18
28 M19
29 65 Tithonian M20
30 M21 150
31
Maastrichtian 70 Late Jurassic Kimmeridgian M22
M23
32 80 75 M24 155
Late Cretaceous Campanian 33 80 Oxfordian M28 160
M25

Figure 4.13 A geomagnetic polarity timescale for the past 160 Ma together with oceanic magnetic anomaly numbers
(after McElhinny & McFadden, 2000, with permission from Academic Press. Copyright Elsevier 2000).

balanced by the complementary destruction of oceanic trenches terminate horizontally? This problem was
lithosphere at subduction zones. While this theory addressed by Wilson (1965), who proposed that the
neatly explains the geometry of lithospheric behavior ends of these features were linked by a new class of
in two dimensions, a problem arises when the third faults which he called transform faults. At these faults
dimension is considered, namely where do ridges and there is neither creation nor destruction of lithosphere,