Page 111 - Glucose Monitoring Devices

112 CHAPTER 6 CGM sensor technology

400 Fingersticks
CGM
300
Glucose
(mg/dL) 200

Target Range
100
0
0
4:00 AM 8:00 AM 12:00 PM 4:00 PM 8:00 PM 12:00 AM
Time
FIGURE 6.1
Intermittent self-monitoring blood glucose meter leads to unnoticed highs and lows.

Glucose transduction technologies
This section spans the various technologies that are used as transducers in converting
glucose and glucose concentration to an electrical signal. As shown in Fig. 6.2, the
technologies covered span those that are incorporated into current CGM as well as
those that are still being developed for future systems.

CGM Sensor Technology

Glucose Transducer Interface Circuitry User Interface
Current
Technologies Glucose Oxidase, Transducer Interfaces Graphical User Interface
Oxygen Dependent • Current Mirror • Tracking and trending
Electrochemical Glucose Oxidase, • Trans-Impedance • Rate of change Indicator
Redox Mediated Amplifier • Data informatics
• Charge Integrator • Wearable Display
Fluorescent,
Optical • Switched Capacitor • Event entry
Glucose Binding Polymer
Circuit
In Development
Enzymatic, Direct
Wireless Interfaces Cloud Connectivity
Electron Transfer
Electrochemical • Proprietary Interface • Sharable Real Time Data
Dual Enzymatic • Bluetooth and BLE • Physician Reviewable
Fluorescent, • NFC / RFID • Data Analytics
Glucose Binding Protein • Encrypted Data
Optical
Transfer
RamanSpectroscopy
FIGURE 6.2
CGM sensor technology overview topics spanning glucose transducer technologies,
transducer and wireless interface circuitry, as well as graphical user interface and cloud
connectivity.