Page 4 - Handbook of Adhesion Promoters

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Definitions 1
1.2 History 2

2 Mechanisms of Adhesion 5
2.1 Mechanical interlocking 6
2.2 Surface condition and shape 11
2.3 Diffusion and entanglement 13
2.4 Adsorption/interaction 16
2.5 Acid-base and electrostatic interactions 16
2.5.1 Acid-base interactions 16
2.5.2 Electrostatic interactions 17
2.6 Surface free energy and wetting 18
2.7 Crystalline properties 22
2.8 Interphase formation 25
2.9 Chemical bonding 28
2.10 Hydrogen bonding 33
2.11 Reversible hydrolysis 36
2.12 Microbiological and biological adhesion 38
2.13 Cellular adhesion 41

3 Mechanisms of Adhesion Loss 45
3.1 Corrosion 45
3.2 Delamination 47
3.3 Detachment 49
3.4 Debonding 49
3.5 Liquid penetration 50
3.6 Peeling 51

4 Substrates − Surface Condition and Treatment 55
4.1 Surface evaluation 55
4.2 Surface treatment 58
4.2.1 Cleaning 58
4.2.2 Mechanical 60
4.2.3 Plasma 61
4.2.4 Microwave plasma 64
4.2.5 Flame 65
4.2.6 Corona discharge 66
4.2.7 Laser 68