Page 20 - Handbook of Gold Exploration and Evaluation

Nature and history of gold 3

Table 1.2 Continued

Element association Deposit type
Fe-Cu-Au Ag-Bi-Mo Te (S) Porphyry copper-gold and porphyry molybdenum
Fe-Mo (S) deposits in subvolcanic acid to intermediate rocks
(e.g. North Parkes, NSW, Climax, Co.).
Cu-Au-Bi (S) Proximal contact replacement skarns (e.g. Browns
Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag Creek, NSW, Mt Biggendon, Qld, Old Cadia,
W-Mo Cu-Pb-Zn-Bi-As NSW, King Island, Tas.).
Fe-Sn As-Cu-Zn (O-S-F) Replacement tin skarns in carbonate units (e.g.
Mt Bischoff, Renison, Tas.).
Cu-Pb-Zn-W-S Sulfides and scheelite occurring within sediments
and volcanic rocks.
Fe-Ni-Cu-Co-PGE (S) Nickel-copper sulfide deposits in mafic/ultramafic
rocks (e.g. komatiite-hosted deposits, Kambalda
WA, Sudbury, Canada).
Ni-Co Mn (Si-O) Ni laterites on ultramafic rocks (e.g. Greenvale,
Qld, New Caledonia).
Cr-PGE-Ni-Cu (S-O) Chromite lenses in layered ultrabasic rocks (e.g.
Merensky Reef, S. Africa).
Fe-Ti-V (O) Magnetite bands in layered mafic bodies and
anorthosites (e.g. Bushveld Complex, S. Africa).
REE-Zr (CO 2 -P)-Nb-Ta-Cu Carbonatite deposits (e.g. Mt Weld, WA,
Palabora, S. Africa).
Cu-U-V Se-As-Mo-Pb Redox front uranium deposits in terrestrial
sediments (e.g. Lake Frome deposits, S. Africa).
U-V (K) Calcrete uranium deposits (e.g. Yeelirrie, WA).
U-Au-Cu Zn-Sn-Pb-Bi, Stratabound and structurally controlled uranium-
Pt-Pd gold deposits in carbonaceous sediments (e.g.
Alligator River, NT).
Sn-W-As-B Pb-Zn-Cu Porphyry style tin deposits (e.g. Ardlethan, NSW).
(O-S)
Sn-W-Mo-Cu-Pb-Zn-Au Zoned vein systems in and around granites (e.g.
(F-B-Si-S) Zeehan, Tas., Emmaville, NSW).
Ta-Nb-Sn-Li-Be (Si) Pegmatites and complex veins associated with
granites.
Al Nb-Ti-Ga (O) Bauxite deposits.

demonstrated in Table 1.2, which shows common element associations in a
range of ore deposit types.

1.1.1 Elemental and native gold
The following physical properties of gold are based on normal temperature and
pressure (20 ëC @ 1atm).