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1 Associated gas is produced with the oil and is sometimes separated at the casing head or
wellhead. Gas produced in this fashion is also referred to as casing head gas or oil well gas.
2
Nonassociated gas is sometimes referred to as gas well gas.
3
Gas hydrates are ice-like structures of water and gas located under the permafrost, or under the
sea.
4 R signifies an organic group such as a methyl, ethyl, propyl or other group.
5 In the petroleum industry, 1000 is usually abbreviated by the Roman numeral “M”.
6 Hexane plus or C is a terminology used in natural gas engineering which indicates a grouping
+
6
of heavier hydrocarbons including the hexane and heavier hydrocarbons such as heptane, octane,
nonane, etc.
7
Since the heat energy of the natural gas is related to the relative proportion of “lighter” methane
versus “heavier” ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and other components, heat energy is not a
constant value between different natural gas sources (Chandra, 2006).
8 Proved reserves are those estimated quantities of natural gas that can be commercially

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