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custom widgets and classes

Your Programming Toolbox

You’ve got Chapter 10 under your belt.
Let’s look back at what you’ve learned
in this chapter: CHAPTER 10

Programming T ools
* Local functions live inside other functions.

* Object orientation is a way of using
software objects to handle complexity.
* Classes are machines to create objects;
think of them like a “cookie cutter”.
* Classes have methods that define their

objects’ behavior. Python T ools
* Created objects are known as “instances”of

* An initializer tells an object what to do
some class. * Frame() - tkinter’s frames are widgets
that contain other widgets and help to keep
the widgets together (grouped).
once it’s been created.
* Some languages call initializers * class - a keyword that introduces a new
class definition.
“constructors.” * __init__() - the name of the method
* Not all objects are GUI objects. that is called automatically on object
* Widgets are a kind of object. creation.

* self - methods have a special variable
called “self” that is set to the current
object.

* Adding “self.” to the start of a variable
means it belongs to the current object.

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