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here is waldo

Imagine the variable s is set to the string below. Your job was to
determine what each of the substrings provide.

s[5:9] “here"
9 minus 5 = 4 characters

s[10:12] “is"
12 minus 10 = 2 characters
“Waldo"
s[13:18]
18 minus 13 = 5 characters
Up to, but not including.
In general, if you specify a substring using s[a:b], then:
the index of the first character the index after the last character
a is b is

The second
index value is
after the last
character in
s[13:18] the substring

Even though index 18 This is even though the
is mentioned in the first index value is the start
substring specification, character of the substring.
it’s not included in the
extracted substring.

44 Chapter 2