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262 CHAPTER 5 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
FIGURE 5.33 (a) Excretion rate (means and standard deviations of the means) of ethyfe-
nethiourea (ETU) in the urine (ng/h) of potato field applicators (circles) (groups I and II) and pine
nursery weeders (squares) (group IV) after exposure to ethylene bisdithiocarbamates during
pesticide application (groups I and II) and the weeding of the sprayed vegetation (group IV). The
ETU concentrations were at the detection limit in group IV after two weeks of follow-up (two
last time points), (b) Excretion rate of ethylenethiourea (ETU) (means and standard deviations of
the means) in the urine (ng/h) of potato field applicators (group I) during 60 h after the cessation
of exposure to ethylene bisdithiocarbamate fungicides. The first time point at 10 h after the ces-
sation of the application was omitted from the analysis because of possible continuous exposure
for a few hours after the application and because of the effect of dermal absorption. The regres-
sion equation is y = -6x + 455, where y Is the excretion rate of ETU (ng/h), x is the time (h),
2
and the correlation coefficient squared (r ) is 0.86, [With permission from Kurttio, P., and Savol-
ainen, K., (1990). Ethylenethiourea in air and in urine: Implications to exposure to ethylenebis-
dfthiocarbamate fungicides. Scond. J. Work Environ. Health 16, 203-207.]