Page 8 - Industrial Ventilation Design Guidebook

CONTENTS

5 Physiological and Toxicological Considerations 173

5.1 Thermal Comfort 174
5.1.1 Introduction 174
5.1.2 Primary Factors 175
5.1.3 Body Control Temperatures 179
5 A.4 Clothing 181
5.1.5 Comfort Zones 184
5.1.6 Spatial and Temporal Nonuniformity 187
5.1.7 Thermal Radiation and Operative Temperature 188
References 193
5.2 Human Respiratory Tract Physiology 195
5.2.1 Introduction 195
5.2.2 Anatomical Overview 195
5.2.3 Ventilation Patterns 206
5.2.4 Mucociliary Clearance 214
5.2.5 Airway Heat and Water Vapor Transport 217
5.2.6 Endogenous Ammonia Production 220
5.2.7 Respiratory Defense Mechanisms 221
References 229
Bibliography 234
Glossary 234
5.3 Toxicity and Risks Induced by Occupational Exposure
to Chemical Compounds 239
2.1.3 Introduction and Background 239
2.1.3 Exposure to Chemical Substances 255
2.1.3 Kinetics of Chemical Compounds 263
2.1.3 Toxic Effects of Chemical Compounds 276
2.1.3 Exposure Assessment 320
2,1.3 Toxicity, Risks, and Risk Assessment 326
References 336
Bibliography 344
5.4 Ventilation Noise: Characteristics, Effects,
and Suggested Countermeasures 345
5 A.I Occurrence 345
5.4.2 Ventilation Noise as an Environmental Problem 345
5.4.3 Physical Characteristics 346
5.4.4 Noise Generation 347
5.4.5 Effects on Humans 347
5.4.6 Measures 351
5.4.7 Exposure Limits 353
References 353

6 Target Levels 355

6.1 Target Levels, Definitions, and Connection to Design Methodology 356
6.1.1 Introduction 356
6.1.2 Use of Target Levels 357