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320 Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Recycling, and Reuse

without altering the existing policies. The huge water demand of industry
can be balanced by recycling and reuse of urban wastewater. This would cre-
ate a large opportunity for Indian industry to grow within a closed loop.
A leading-edge assessment of urban wastewater treatment for recycling
and reuse in industrial applications reveals a potential and strategic way for-
ward by addressing the following crucial issues:
1. It would be possible to reuse 40–50% of secondary sewage for industrial
use and indirect potable water reuse.
2. Adhering to the sustainability of the resources and increasing industrial
water demand, the present reuse of less than 8% is expected to increase
to 30–40% at least toward estimated water demands of 2030.
3. Industrial water production from secondary sewage of urban and semi-
urban areas can increase the water availability to Indian industrial sectors
by establishing a joint municipal-industrial collaborative venture oper-
ated within a sustainable loop (without altering current national water
policy) that would eventually be expected to lead to a water price far less
than that of natural fresh water resources with a countdown toward 2030
from today.

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