Page 22 - Intelligent Digital Oil And Gas Fields

Introduction to Digital Oil and Gas Field Systems 5

SCADA
Real-time sensors Data streaming
P-T-Vol
Automated workflows
fm
RTU Physical Model
Control center
Control
panel
Collaboration
Visualization …Prediction
Reactive control
Subsurface data
Proactive control
Gas
Oil Passive control
Water
Fig. 1.3 Main description of a DOF system, showing the value chain process from data
acquisition, transmission, recollection, data processing, virtual models and workflows,
collaboration, visualization and model prediction, and ultimately an action plan with
different control modes.

data communication, and computation the mid-1990s, which was followed
by an evolution of data and computation in the 2000s. In the mid-2010s, we
argue that DOF is in adolescence, with growing “big data” technologies,
increasing automation and intelligence being applied, introduction of
collaboration decision centers, and emphasis on work processes.
But a golden era of DOF—with sensors on all relevant equipment
mobility of applications, intelligence in automation, and automated optimi-
zation of production and field management in real time—is on the horizon
in the coming years and decades. We can say with confidence that the
coming decade will introduce exciting new advancements. Let us take a look
at some of the key technologies that were crucial to getting us this far and
will be crucial to achieving this golden age of DOF systems.
What we now know as the Internet began through a partnership
between the military, universities, and private corporations known as the
ARPANET (Isaacson, 2014). Isaacson (2014) provides a history of the full
development. The government-sponsored ARAPNET of the early 1960s
eventually enabled multiple computer connections using packet switching
and distributed network hubs. ARAPNET went from strictly government,
to a network of academic institutions in late 1960s, to a commercial enter-
prise and a standard protocol (IP/TCP) in the mid-1970s. By the late 1980s
the Internet began connecting the world and, with standard Internet proto-
cols (IP), enabled DOF systems to connect sensors throughout the oil and
gas value chain to centralized, distributed, and mobile computers.