Page 9 - Introduction to Microcontrollers Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing of The Motorola 68HC12
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vii i Table of Contents
3.7 Summary 81
Problems 82
4 Assembly Language Programming 87
4.1 Introductory Example and Assembler Printout 89
4.2 Assembler Directives 92
4.3 Mechanics of a Two-Pass Assembler 96
4.4 Character String Operations 99
4.5 A Simplified Two-Pass Assembler 103
4.6 Summary 107
Problems 109
5 Advanced Assemblers, Linkers, and Loaders 119
5.1 Cross Assemblers and Downloaders 119
5.2 Relocatable Assemblers and Loaders 123
5 3 Conditional Assemblers 125
5.4 Macro Assemblers 127
5.5 Documentation 130
5.6 Summary 132
Problems 133
6 Assembler Language Subroutines 137
6.1 Local Variables 139
6.2 Passing Parameters 149
6.3 Passing Arguments by Value, Reference, and Name 162
6.4 Calling and Returning Mechanisms 163
6.5 Summary 172
Problems 173
7 Arithmetic Operations 179
7.1 Multiplication and Division 180
7.2 Integer Conversion 183
7.3 From Formulas to Subroutine Calls 191
7.4 Long Integer Arithmetic 196
7.5 Floating-Point Arithmetic and Conversion 20.1
7.6 Fuzzy Logic 210
7.7 Summary 215
Problems 217
8 Programming in C and C++ 221
8.1 Compilers and Interpreters 221
8.2 Operators and Assignment Statements 223
8.3 Conditional and Loop Statements 226
