Page 10 - Introduction to Paleobiology and The Fossil Record

FULL CONTENTS ix

12 Spiralians 1: lophophorates 297
Brachiopoda 298
Bryozoa 313
Review questions 324
Further reading 324
References 324

13 Spiralians 2: mollusks 326
Mollusks: introduction 327
Early mollusks 327
Class Bivalvia 332
Class Gastropoda 338
Class Cephalopoda 344
Class Scaphopoda 354
Class Rostroconcha 354
Evolutionary trends within the Mollusca 355
Review questions 360
Further reading 360
References 360

14 Ecdysozoa: arthropods 361
Arthropods: introduction 362
Early arthropod faunas 362
Subphylum Trilobitomorpha 363
Subphylum Chelicerata 375
Subphylum Myriapoda 379
Subphylum Hexapoda 381
Subphylum Crustacea 381
Review questions 387
Further reading 387
References 387

15 Deuterostomes: echinoderms and hemichordates 389
Echinoderms 390
Hemichordates 409
Review questions 425
Further reading 425
References 425

16 Fishes and basal tetrapods 427
Origin of the vertebrates 428
Jaws and fi sh evolution 435
Tetrapods 442
Reign of the reptiles 443
Review questions 451
Further reading 451
References 451

17 Dinosaurs and mammals 453
Dinosaurs and their kin 454
Bird evolution 460