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also be considered in relation to alternatives: increasing energy production (for exam-
ple, increasing wind turbine numbers could return more energy than increasing stor-
age), grid expansion to other networks, or connection to remote RE systems [53].
For some regions, though, particularly in the United States and western Europe,
massive grid extensions will not be easy [10], so storage may be necessary with access
to storage sites being a determining factor. For example, high-energy input cost sys-
tems such as batteries could be the only option for some isolated grid networks where
there is little if any access to sites which have lower input energy, such as geological
storage of compressed air [52]. Finally, as noted by [52], there is also the possibility
that energy stored outside the energy sector as embedded energy could be more effec-
tive than storing energy in the energy sector; examples would include using excess
energy to increase stocks of desalinated and purified water.

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