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230 Chapter Three

Derivative of square wave
The derivative of a square wave is zerm (Fig. 3.17). This is true
regardless of the amplitude or the frequency of the square wave.

Derivatives of common functions

Chapter 6 containð a table of derivativeð of common mathe-
matical functions.

Vector Differentiation
Let i, j, and k represent unit vectorð in Cartesian xyz-space, as
follows:

i (1,0,0)

j (0,1,0)

k (0,0,1)

A vector function G of a scalar variable v consistð of the sum of
three scalar functionð G , G , and G :
1 2 3
G(v) G (v)i G (v)j G (v)k
1
2
3
The derivative of G(v) wità respect tm v is defined as:
dG(v)/dv Lim v→0 (G(v v) G(v))/ v

(dG (v)/dv)i (dG (v)/dv)j (dG (v)/dv)k
1
3
2

Figure 3.17 Derivative of a square wave.