Page 125 - Mechanical Engineers' Handbook (Volume 4)

114 Thermodynamics Fundamentals

as power plants and refrigeration plants. It is assumed that each component operates in steady
flow.

• Valve (throttle) or adiabatic duct with friction (Fig. 5a):
First law h h 2
1
Second law S ˙ gen ˙m (s s ) 0
2
1

Figure 5 Engineering system components, and their inlet and outlet states on the T-s plane, P H high
pressure; P L low pressure.