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1. Stiffness basics                                               41
         where     is given in the first Eq. (1.126).  By taking the partial derivatives
         of the strain energy, Eq. (1.155), in terms of  and   respectively, the
         compliances of Eq. (1.127) become:


























          5.3.2.2 Out-of-the-Plane Compliances

             Similar to  the  case of  a  thick curved beam, the  out-of-the-plane
          compliances can be formulated as arranged in Eq.  (1.137). The strain energy
          for a thin  (relatively-long) curved beam is  formed by  contributions  from the
          bending moment and the torsion moment only, namely:







          with    and     being defined  in  Eqs.  (1.134).  By  performing the partial
          derivatives of the strain energy given in Eq.  (1.162) in terms  of   and
              respectively  (according to the  first  two  sides of Eqs.  91.135)), the  only
          compliance that is different from the ones already derived for a thick curved
          beam is:








          It can  be  seen  that  Eq.  (1.163) can be obtained  from  Eq.  (1.138) by
          considering that the shearing effects are negligible
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