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72 N. Russell and A. ter Hofstede
YAWL also provides additional routing constraints that operate with a given case to
restrict the users a given work item is distributed to based on the routing decisions
associated with previous work items in the case. There is also the ability to specify
privileges for each user in order to define the range of operations that they can
perform when undertaking work items. Finally, there are two advanced operating
modes that can be utilized in order to expedite work throughput for a given user.
Each of these features is discussed in detail in the following sections.

2.6.1 Organizational Model

YAWL assumes that a process operates in an organizational context, hence there is
an organizational model underpinning the resource and work distribution aspects
of each process. Figure 2.33 identifies the main organizational and resource-related
concepts that are applicable to a YAWL process and dictate the context in which it
operates. While relatively simple, the YAWL organizational model is deliberately
intended to demonstrate general applicability to a broad range of organizational
situations in which it might be utilized.
Work in a YAWL process may be completed by a human resource who in turn
is assumed to be a member of an organization. An organization is a formal group-
ing of resources that undertake work items pertaining to a common set of business
objectives. They usually have a specific position within that organization and, in

reports to .../... is part of .../...

Position OrgGroup OrgGroupType
(id) (id) (name)
belongs to .../... Is of .../...
Holds .../...

User CapabilityValue
(id)
… for … has ...
.../plays ... Capability
(id)

Role
(id)
Fig. 2.33 Object role model: YAWL organizational model