Page 107 - MODERN ELECTROCHEMISTRY

50 CHAPTER 2

Further Reading

Seminal
1. M. Born, “Free Energy of Solvation,” Z. Phys. 1: 45 (1920).
2. J. D. Bernal and R. H. Fowler, “The Structure of Water,” J. Chem. Phys. 1:515 (1933).
3. R. W. Gurney, Ionic Processes in Solution, McGraw-Hill, New York (1953).
4. H. S. Frank and W. Y. Wen, “Water Structure Near to Ions,” Faraday Discuss., Chem.
Soc. 24: 133 (1957).

Monograph
1. B. E. Conway, Ionic Hydration in Chemistry and Biology, Elsevier, New York (1981).

Papers
1. C. Sanchez-Castro and L. Blum, J. Phys. Chem. 93: 7478 (1989).
2. E. Guardia and J. A. Padro, J. Phys. Chem. 94: 6049 (1990).
3. B. Guillot, P. Martean, and J. Ubriot, J. Chem. Phys. 93: 6148 (1990).
4. S. Golden and T. R. Tuttle, J. Phys. Chem. 93: 4109 (1990).
5. D. W. Mundell, J. Chem. Ed. 67: 426 (1990).
6. F. A. Bergstrom and J. Lindren, Inorg. Chem. 31: 1525 (1992).
7. Y. Liu and T. Ichiye, J. Phys. Chem. 100: 2723 (1996).
8. A. K. Soper and A. Luzar, J. Phys. Chem. 100: 1357 (1996).
9. B. Madan and K. Sharp, J. Phys. Chem. 100: 7713 (1996).
10. G. Hummer, L. R. Pratt, and A. E. Garcia, J. Phys. Chem. 100: 1206 (1996).

2.5. TOOLS FOR INVESTIGATING SOLVATION

2.5.1. Introduction
The more recently used methods for investigating the structure of the region
around the ion are listed (though not explained) in Table 2.2. It is convenient to group
the methods shown there as follows.
Several methods involve a study of the properties of solutions in equilibrium and
are hence reasonably described as thermodynamic. These methods usually involve
thermal measurements, as with the heat and entropy of solvation. Partial molar volume,
compressibility, ionic activity, and dielectric measurements can make contributions
to solvation studies and are in this group.
Transport methods constitute the next division. These are methods that involve
measurements of diffusion and the velocity of ionic movement under electric field
gradients. These approaches provide information on solvation because the dynamics
of an ion in solution depend on the number of ions clinging to it in its movements, so
that knowledge of the facts of transport of ions in solution can be used in tests of what
entity is actually moving.