Page 7 - Multifunctional Photocatalytic Materials for Energy

vi Contents

5 Graphene photocatalysts 79
Luisa M. Pastrana-Martínez, Sergio Morales-Torres,
José L. Figueiredo, Joaquim L. Faria, Adrián M.T. Silva
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Graphene and its derivatives 80
5.3 Graphene-based semiconductor photocatalysts 82
5.4 Energy applications 88
5.5 Conclusions and outlook 94
Acknowledgments 95
References 95

6 Carbon nitride photocatalysts 103
Jinqiang Zhang, Hongqi Sun
6.1 Introduction 103
6.2 Graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogen evolution 105
6.3 Carbon nitride for reduction of CO 2 119
6.4 Carbon nitride for other energy applications 120
6.5 Conclusion and outlook 120
References 121

7 Graphene-based nanomaterials for solar cells 127
Syed Farooq Adil, Mujeeb Khan, Dharmalingam Kalpana
7.1 Introduction 127
7.2 Properties of graphene 130
7.3 Synthesis of graphene-based materials 130
7.4 Graphene in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) 134
7.5 Conclusion 145
Acknowledgment 145
References 146

8 Metal-based semiconductor nanomaterials for thin-film solar cells 153
Wenxi Guo, Zijie Xu, Teng Li
8.1 Introduction 153
8.2 Fabrication of metal-based semiconductor nanomaterials 155
8.3 Semiconductor nanomaterials as interfacial materials for solar cells 165
8.4 Semiconductor nanomaterials as mesoporous layers for DSSCs 170
8.5 Concluding remarks and outlook 180
References 181
Further reading 185
9 Metal-based semiconductor nanomaterials for photocatalysis 187
Laura Clarizia, Danilo Russo, Ilaria Di Somma, Roberto Andreozzi,
Raffaele Marotta
9.1 Introduction 187
9.2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of the water splitting process 187