Page 27 - Neural Network Modeling and Identification of Dynamical Systems

1.1 THE DYNAMICAL SYSTEM AS AN OBJECT OF STUDY 15
affects the trajectory of the body and gets some vironment AE. New goals cannot be generated
response, the results of which appear as a dis- in environments of the AE class.
turbed wake behind the body. An example of an adaptive environment is a
Environments that belong to any of the sub- highly automated air defense system, especially
sequent classes (hierarchical levels) are active; in its territorial version. This air defense sys-
they respond to the actions of the system S in tem should be considered as an environment for
one way or another. An important point to be aircraft that try to overcome it, e.g., aeroplanes,
emphasized is that the active interaction of the cruise missiles, etc.
environment E with the system S might either
assist the system to achieve its goals (an exam- 1.1.3.5 Intelligent Environments
ple is some air traffic control system as the envi-
The third and the highest level of active envi-
ronment that interacts with the transport plane ronments is the class of intelligent environments
during the flight), or impede these goals (an 19
IE. Environments of this class contain goal-
example is an air defense system that protects
setting mechanisms. They also have their inter-
some object from airstrikes). Another possible
scenario of the interaction of the environment ests (“freedom of the will,” in a certain sense).
with the system is that the environment “does As an example, here, as in the case of adap-
not interfere” (i.e., does not help, but also does tive environments, we can indicate a territorial
not counteract) with the activity of the system in air defense system, but of a higher hierarchical
it. level. This system contains fighter aircraft, anti-
The first of the active environment classes is aircraft missile systems, tools for detecting and
the reacting environment RE. 17 Environments of tracking targets, etc., but it moreover includes
the RE class undergo changes in response to the human operators. This circumstance ensures the
actions of the system S. However, these changes variability of the environment reactions in vari-
are not purposeful. Examples of such environ- ous situations, including nonstandard ones. An-
ments are fragments of the natural environment other example of a similar type is an air traffic
(biosphere) within which a particular technical control system, especially in a large airport area.
system operates.

1.1.3.4 Adaptive Environments 1.1.4 Interaction Between Systems and
Environment
The next class of active environments is the
class of adaptive environments AE. 18 For environ- Above, the following classes of dynamical
ments of this class, an active and purposeful re- systems were introduced:
sponse to the actions of the system S is typical.
However, the set of goals that guide the pro- • deterministic system (DS);
cesses in the environment AE, once chosen and • system with uncertainties (VS);
specified, remains unchanged during the pro- • controllable system (CS);
cesses of interaction of the system S and the en- •adaptive system (AS);
• intelligent system (IS).
17 RE is the abbreviation for the Reacting Environment, i.e.,
the environment that responds in some way to the activity
of the system S. 19 IE is the abbreviation for the Intelligent Environment, i.e.,
18 AE is the abbreviation for the Adaptive Environment, i.e., the environment that is capable not only of actively and pur-
the environment that actively and purposefully reacts to the posefully reacting to the operation of the system S in a cer-
activity of the system S in a certain way. tain way, but also of performing the generation of goals.