Page 27 - New Trends In Coal Conversion

xxvi Preface

techniques applied to gas cleaning in coal combustion power plants and integrated
gasification in combined cycle (IGCC) are discussed. The current status of coal
gasification, and more specifically the high efficiency and low emissions of IGCC
technology in different countries, is addressed in Chapter 7.
Generally speaking, the following chapters discuss the current state of knowledge
on the coking process, covering the global coal-to-coke production chain and the in-
novations and technologies that are likely to shape the future of cokemaking on the
way toward a more efficient and cleaner coal technology and safer good coking coals.
Chapter 8 gives an overview of current cokemaking technologies, the fundamental
aspects of carbonization and coal blending, the current state of technologies for
improving coke quality, and the operating parameters that are important for producing
high-quality coke for the blast furnace at a low cost. This chapter also describes how a
wide spectrum of valuable by-products from coke oven gas can be recovered. Coal tar
as an essential raw material in carbochemistry is analyzed in the last chapter of the
book (Chapter 15). It offers an overview of the composition and properties of coal
tars and the pitches derived from them. Furthermore, the basic principles underlying
the formation of tar formation during the coking process are discussed.
Owing to the complexity of coking coal and the blends to be carbonized, much
progress has been made since the 1960s in the development and testing of mathemat-
ical models for predicting coke quality parameters. Coal petrography has provided the
key approach for the prediction of strength and CO 2 reactivity of metallurgical coke.
However, no prediction model has reached the position of universal application. Chap-
ter 9 describes the potential of a new method to predict the position of ASTM tumbler
strength of coke on the basis of the Sapozhnikov Quotient and vitrinite reflectance.
During the last 30 years, cokemaking has experienced a growth in nonrecovery and
heat-recovery cokemaking technology. This cokemaking technology is the subject of
Chapter 10. It describes the history of its development and analyzes plant operational
strategies, the flexibility achieved in the use of a wide range of coals (type and rank),
ant its environmental and economic advantages. It also compares the quality of the
cokes produced by stamping, nonstamping, and conventional slot by-product technol-
ogy. The compacting of the whole coal blend prior to charging into the oven by stamp-
ing and by pressing is described in Chapter 11. It analyzes the effects of coal
compacting in relation to strength and stability to obtain the highest possible density
and flexibility from a raw material made up of large amounts of poor coking coals
and other carbon-containing materials.
Enlarging the amount of nonconventional raw materials and extending the life span
of good coking coals is the subject of Chapter 12. The chapter analyzes the principles
underlying the utilization of semi-soft coking coal in carbonization and reviews the
development and commercialization of technologies, such as BBCP (briquette
blending carbonization PBBCP process), CMC (coal moisture control), DAPS
(dry-cleaned and agglomerated precompaction system), FCP (formed coke process),
and SCOPE21 (super coke oven for productivity and environment enhancement to-
ward the 21st century).
Chapter 13 focuses on the role of coke in the steel and foundry industries. It dis-
cusses the importance of the structure and properties of coke for the operation of