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June 19, 2007
AT029-Manual
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6.3 Properties of Ideal Gases
247
6.4 Thermodynamic Properties of Mixtures 241 CONTENTS xi
6.4.1 Partial Molar Properties 248
6.4.2 Properties of Mixtures—Property Change
Due to Mixing 249
6.4.3 Volume of Petroleum Blends 251
6.5 Phase Equilibria of Pure Components—Concept
of Saturation Pressure 251
6.6 Phase Equilibria of Mixtures—Calculation
of Basic Properties 254
6.6.1 Definition of Fugacity, Fugacity Coefficient,
Activity, Activity Coefficient, and Chemical
Potential 254
6.6.2 Calculation of Fugacity Coefficients from
Equations of State 255
6.6.3 Calculation of Fugacity from Lewis Rule 256
6.6.4 Calculation of Fugacity of Pure Gases and
Liquids 256
6.6.5 Calculation of Activity Coefficients 257
6.6.6 Calculation of Fugacity of Solids 261
6.7 General Method for Calculation of Properties of
Real mixtures 263
6.8 Formulation of Phase Equilibria Problems for
Mixtures 263
6.8.1 Criteria for Mixture Phase Equilibria 263
6.8.2 Vapor–Liquid Equilibria—Gas Solubility in
Liquids 265
6.8.2.1 Formulation of Vapor–Liquid
Equilibria Relations 265
6.8.2.2 Solubility of Gases in
Liquids—Henry’s Law 266
6.8.2.3 Equilibrium Ratios (K i Values) 269
6.8.3 Solid–Liquid Equilibria—Solid Solubility 276
6.8.4 Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point
Elevation 281
6.9 Use of Velocity of Sound in Prediction of Fluid
Properties 284
6.9.1 Velocity of Sound Based Equation
of State 286
6.9.2 Equation of State Parameters from Velocity
of Sound Data 287
6.9.2.1 Virial Coefficients 287
6.9.2.2 Lennard–Jones and van der Waals
Parameters 288
6.9.2.3 RK and PR EOS Parameters—
Property Estimation 289
6.10 Summary and Recommendations 292
6.11 Problems 292
References 294

Chapter 7—Applications: Estimation of Thermophysical
Properties 297
Nomenclature 297
7.1 General Approach for Prediction of
Thermophysical Properties of Petroleum Fractions
and Defined Hydrocarbon Mixtures 298

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