Page 7 - Petrophysics

Accumulation of Sediments, 40
Hydrocarbon Traps, 44
Origin of Petroleum, 46
Transformation of Organics Into Kerogen, 47
Transformation of Kerogen Into Oil and Gas, 48
Migration and Accumulation of Petroleum, 49
Primary Migration, 50
Secondary Migration, 51
Properties of Subsurface Fluids, 53
Hydrostatic Pressure Gradient, 54
Lithostatic Pressure Gradient, 54
Geothermal Gradient, 55
Oilfield Waters, 58
Petroleum, 65
Petroleum Chemistry, 71
Problems, 81
Nomenclature, 83
Greek Symbols, 84
Subscripts, 84
References, 85
CHAPTER 3
Porosity and Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Porosity, 88
Factors Governing the Magnitude of Porosity, 89
Engineering Classification of Porosity, 91
Geological Classification of Porosity, 9 1
Visual Description of Porosity in Carbonate Rocks, 94
Fluid Saturation, 96
Quantitative Use of Porosity, 97
Permeability, 100
Classification of Permeability, 101
Factors Affecting the Magnitude of Permeability, 102
Permeability-Porosity Relationships, 105
Kozeny Correlation, 106
Concept of Flow Units, 112
Mathematical Theory of Flow Units, 114
Specific Surface Area, 116
Flow Unit Characterization Factors, 120
Effect of Packing on Permeability, 130
Effect of Water Saturation on Permeability, 132
Permeability from NMR Log, 134
Permeability-Porosity Relationships in Carbonate Rocks, 136
Directional Permeability, 147
Reservoir Heterogeneity, 159
Distribution of Rock Properties, 162
Permeability and Porosity Distributions, 163

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