Page 9 - Photoreactive Organic Thin Films

vj|j CONTENTS

6 Photoisomerization in Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn Structures
HENNING MENZEL

6.1 Introduction 179
6.2 Other Dyes Used in Photoactive LBK Films 180
6.2.1 Stilbenes 180
6.2.2 Salicylidene Aniline 181
6.23 Spiropyrans 182
6.2.4 Other Chromophores 182
6.3 UV-Vis Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool for the Investigation of
Azobenzene LBK Film Structure 183
6.3.1 Trans-Cis Interconversion 183
6.3.2 Aggregation 184
6.4 Examples of the Influence of Structure on Photoisomerization 186
6.4.1 Mixing with Other Amphiphiles 188
6.4.2 Adjusting the Structure of the Azobenzene Amphiphile 189
6.4.3 Coupling of Azobenzene Moities to Polymers 191
6.5 Examples of the Manipulation of LBK Film Structure by
Photoisomerization 201
6.5.1 Structure Change 201
6.5.2 Photoreorientation 208
6.6 Examples of LBK Films with a Structure Tailored for the Desired
Application 210
6.7 Summary 212

7 Electronic and Optical Transduction of Photoisomerization
Processes at Molecular- and Bimoleculan-Functionalized
Surfaces
EUGENII KATZ, ANDREW N.SHIPWAY, AND ITAMARWILLNER

7.1 Introduction 220
7.2 Electronically Transduced Photochemical Switching of Organic
Monolayers and Thin Films 221
7.3 Electronically Transduced Photochemical Switching of Enzyme
Monolayers 227
7.3.1 Redox-Enzymes Tethered with Photoisomerizable Groups 228
7.3.2 Enzymes Reconstituted onto Photoisomerizable
FAD-Cofactors 230
7.4 Transduction at "Command" Interfaces 232
7.4.1 Electrochemical Processes of Organic Redox Molecules at
"Command" Interfaces 233
7.4.2 Electrochemical Processes of Proteins and Enzymes at
"Command" Interfaces 238
7.4.3 Surface-Reconstituted Enzymes at Photoisomerizable
Interfaces 243
7.4.4 Mechanical Photoisomerizable Monolayers 243