Page 120 - Plant design and economics for chemical engineers

96 PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS FOR CHEMICAL ENGINEERS

FIGURE 33
Scale model showing details of plant layout. (Courtesy of the M. W. Kellogg Company.)

Templates, or small cutouts constructed to a selected scale, are useful for
making rapid and accurate layouts, and three-dimensional models are often
made. The use of such models for making certain a proposed plant layout is
correct has found increasing favor in recent years.
Figure 3-3 shows a view of a typical model for an industrial plant. Errors
in a plant layout are easily located when three-dimensional models are used,
since the operations and construction engineers can immediately see errors
which might have escaped notice on two-dimensional templates or blueprints. In
addition to increasing the efficiency of a plant layout, models are very useful
during plant construction and for instruction and orientation purposes after the
plant is completed.

PLANT OPERATION AND CONTROL

In the design of an industrial plant, the methods which will be used for plant
operation and control help determine many of the design variables. For exam-
ple, the extent of instrumentation can be a factor in choosing the type of process