Page 364 - Pressure Swing Adsorption

340 PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION APPENDIX C 341
oarallel column by mterconnecting the product ends, it ts oossible to obtain 12. S. Sircar, "Regeneration of Adsorl:ienis.'' U.S. Patent No. 4.784.672 (\Q88).
more high-quality product than when the feed ends are mterconnected.
13. S. Sircar, "Closed-Loop Regeneration of Adsorbents Contarntng Reactive Adsortta1es:·
Another pomt that was made m Section 4.4.4 was that simultaneous depres- U.S. Patent No. 4,971,606 (1990). ·
surizat1on and production always improves recovery over isobanc production
14. K. Erdmann, "Process of the Removal nf Carhon Monoxide from Mixture.~ !hereof with
or simultaneous pressurizat101l and production. Accordingly, m patents the Hydrogen," U.S. Patent No. 2,254.799 (1941).
concepts of cocurrent blowdown either mto a parallel bed (in tandem with
15. P. Guerm de Montgareuil anti D. Damme, French Patent No. 1,233,261 (llJ57).
the concept of pressurization with product and pressure equalization topic
mentioned previously) or to ohtain the light product has atso appeared m 16. T. M. Stark, "Gas Separation by Adsorption Process," U.S. Patent No. J,2S2,2DH (1%6).
several forms, as discussed m Sections C.2.5, C.2.9, and .C.2.16, to name a 17. D. Dom1m: nm[ L. Hay, "Gas Scparalmn bv Adsorp11011," U.S. Putent No. 3.619,9~4 (]971).
few. Finally, the idea of a rinse step was discussed m Section 4.4.5 from a 18. P. J. Gardner, "Process and Compound Bed Means 'for Evoiving a First Component
theoretical perspective. That section showed the advantages in terms of Enriched Gas," U.S. Patent No. 4,386.945 (1983).
recovery that could be realized by adding that step. Long before that theory
19. R. Kumar. S. Sirc.ir. T. R. White. and E. J. Greskov11ch. "Argon Purification. U.S. Patent
was conce1ved, however, the idea of the rmse step had been mvented and No. 4.477,265 (1984).
reduced to oracllce by Basmadjian and Pogorski"' (cf. Section C.2.11 ). They
20. S. Havashi, H. Tsuchiva, and K. Haruna, "Process for Ob!ammg High Concentration Argon
and several others have used it as a means for recovering the heavy comoo- by Pressure Swing Adsorption," U.S. Patent No. 4.529,4}:2 (1985).
nent(s) or recycling unadsorbed feed. In view of all that, it ts clear that the
21. G. S. Glenn, V. K. RaJpaul, and R. F. Yurczvk, "Integrated Svs1em for Generaimg Inert
results·of mathematical models reinforce.what has already been learned m
Gas and Breathing Gas on Ajrcratt." U.S. Patent No. 4,681.602 (1987).
oract1ce. With that m mind, 1t is orom1sing that such models could provide
22. K. S. Knaebel, "Complementary Pressure Swing Adsorption.'' U.S. Paten! No. •P44.803
guidance for lmprovmg performance of existing PSA cycles, ··and for moving
(1988).
efficiently towards neariy ootimum conditions for new cycles.
23. S. Sircar, ''Prepara1ion of High Puntv Oxygen," U.S. Patent No. 4,756,723 (1988).
24. K. Haruna, K. Ueda, M. Inoue, and H. Someda, "Process for Producing High Puntv
References Oxygen Gas from Air," U.S. Patent No. 4,985,052 (1991).
25. C. W. Skarstrom, "Process for the Recovery of Hvdrogen from Hvdrocarbon Gas Streams,"
1. R, L. Hasche and W. N. Dargan, "Separation of Gases," U.S. Patent No. l,794,377 0931). U.S. Patent No. 3,!01,261 0963).
2. D. Finlayson and A. J. Sharp, "Improvements 111 or Relating to the Treatment of Gaseous 26. C. W. Skanarom, "Timmg Cvcle for Improved Healless Fract1onat1on of Gaseous Materials,"
U.S. Paten! No. 3,104,162 (1963).
Mixtures for the Purpose of Separatmg Them mto Their Components or Enriching Them
with Respect to One or More of Their Components," British Patent No. 365,092 (1932).
27. C. W. Skarsirom, "Apparatus and Process for Heatless Fractionation of Gaseous Con-
3. C. W, Skarstrom, "Method and Apparatus for Fractionatmg Gaseous Mixtures hv Adsorp- stituents," U.S. P.atcnt No. 3.J:'lk,439 (1%4).
uon," U.S. Patent No. 2,944,627 (1960). i 28. R. C. Hoke, W. D. Marsh, J. Bcrnstcm. and F. S. Pramuk, "Hydrogen Purification Proces~:•
I
4. D. Tondeur and P. C. Wankat, ''Gas Purificanon by Pressure Swmg Adsorpuon," Separ. U.S. Pa1en1 No. 3,141,748 0%4).
and Puri/. Methods 14, 157-212 (1985). 29, W. D. Marsh, F. S. Pramuk. R. C. H'.oke, and C. W. Skarstrom, "Pressure Equalization
5. D. J. Ball, "Patent Search of Pressure Swing Adsorphon Related Processes,'' unpublished Oepressuring m Heatless Adsorption," U.S. Patent No. 3;142,547 (1964)
(1985). 30. C. W. Skarstrom. "Oxygen Concenirat1on Process," U.S. Patent No. 3,237,377 (1966).
6. C. W. Skarstrom and W. 0. Heilman, "Technique with the Fractionation of Separation of 31. J. L. Wagner, "Selei::t1ve Adsorption Process." U.S. Patent No. 3.430,418 (196Q).
Ccimponents ma Gaseous Feed Stream," U.S. Patent No. 3,086,339 (1963). I
7. E. M. Wilson, "Method of Separating Oxygen from Air,'' U.S. Patent 3,164,454 (1965). 32. N. R. McCombs. "Selective Adsorption Gas Separation Process," U.S. Patent No. 3.738.087
(1973).
I
8. N. H. Berlin, "Vacuum Cycle Adsorption," U.S. Patent No. 3,313,091 (1967). 33. H. Lee and D. E. Stahl. "Pressure Equalization and Purging Svstem for Heatless Adsorp-
tion," U.S. Patent No. 3,7S8,036 (1974).
9. S. Sircar and T. R. White, "Vacuum Swmg Adsorption for Air Separatmn," U.S. Paten!
4.264.J40 { 1981).
34. J. J. Collins. "Air Serarnt1on hy /\tborpllon," lJ.S. Patent No. 4.026,6R0 (1977).
'to: 0. A. Perley, "Method of Making Commercial Hydrogen," U.S. Palen! No. 1,896,916 35. D. B. Broughton, ''Adsorpuve Separauon ot Gas Mixtures," U.S. Patent N11. 3,121,625
(1933).
0964).
I I. R. Kumar, S. Sircar, and W. C. Kratz. "Adsorplivc Process for the Removal of Carbon 36. G. A. Rutan, "/\pparntus and Melhod for Drvmg a Gaseous Medium," U.S. f'alcnl No.
Dioxide from a Gas," U.S. Patent No. 4,472,178 (1984). 3,236,028 09661.
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