Page 114 - Primer on Enhanced Oil Recovery

104 Primer on Enhanced Oil Recovery

Figure 10.8 Miscible CO 2 flooding projects and annual production by a company in 2014.

seen from Fig. 10.6, in 2014 in the United States, 128 projects with mixed displace-
ment were active, of which 104 were successful (81%). And only 9 projects were
with immiscible displacement, which were less effective. At the same time, the
main oil production (around 63%) falls on the 24 largest projects.
Fig. 10.8 enlists worldwide projects with the mixed CO 2 displacement for 2014.
Some valuable data can be extracted from the CO 2 injection projects data in
the former USSR (see Fig. 10.9). It is useful to notice that almost in all cases
increase in displacement efficiency is well correlated with the CO 2 slug
volume.
The first field experiment in carbon dioxide injection in the USSR was carried
out on Aleksandrovskaya Square of the Tuymazinsky deposit. The project started
1967 by the injection of carbonated water. Carbonated water was produced at the
bottom of the well by mixing of simultaneously injected of carbon dioxide into the
tubing and water into the annulus. As a result of the reservoir stimulation recovery
increased by 15.6%.

10.1.5 Implementation technology
During the implementation of the carbon dioxide injection project, on the first
place, it is necessary to calculate the projected demand in carbon dioxide. The pro-
duced volume then allows to assess necessary CO 2 site delivery methods and
infrastructure.